In order to evaluation of spring rapeseed cultivars reaction to terminal DROUGHT stress, an experiment was carried out in a split plot design based on RCBD with four replications for two years (2006-2008) at the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj. In this experiment, irrigation treatments in two levels as main plot such as normal irrigation (irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from evaporation pan) and water deficit stress as no irrigation from stem elongation to end of growth and varieties as sub plots in 20 levels ( Sarigol, Goliath, Heros, Comet, Amica, SW5001, Cracker Jack, Eagle, Wild Cat, SW Hot Shot, Ogla, 19-H, Hyola 401, Hyola 60, RGS006, Hyola 420, RGS003, Option 500, Hyola 308 and Quantum ). The results indicated that water deficit stress decreased plant height, branch per plant, pods per plant, grain per pod, 1000 grain weight, biologic yield, grain yield, seed oil content and oil yield, but there was not significant effect on harvest index. Under normal irrigation, Hyola 401 with high grain in pod and 1000 grain weight had the highest grain yield whereas, in water deficit stress conditions, RGS003 with greatest grains in pod and 1000 grain weight produced the maximum grain yield and it had the highest stress tolerance index (STI) in comparison with others varieties. Also, Quantum variety with the lowest grain yield under normal irrigation (3492 kg.ha-1), water deficit stress (2948 kg.ha-1) and small STI had the more susceptive to water deficit.

Objective: Stress is a complex and individual phenomenon and unseparable part of human life that sometimes causes problems. If human can not be compatible with stress, he will be hurt physically and mentally. tending to be compatible with stress is a positive way that causes health improvement. Therefore, the aim of present study, is evaluation of stress inoculation training effect on stress of nurses within medical-educational centers in Qom. Materials & Methods: This study was quasi-experimental. 200 nurses were evaluated. We selected 60 nurses with simple random sampling and divided them to experimental & control groups. Instrument was Derogatis stress profile (DSP). All nurses were evaluated with (DSP) before Intervention, then stress inoculation training workshop was implemented for experimental group in 2 days. Two weeks After Intervention both groups (exp. & cont.) were evaluated with DSP questionnaire again. The results were analyzed with Paired t Test & Independent t Test in both groups before & after Intervention. Results: The Findings showed that average stress on environmental, personality and emotional dimensions and score of three dimensions hadn’t significant difference before Intervention but this difference was significant after Intervention. Conclusion: stress inoculation training implementation , affects nurses stress , and it can be applied to improve cares, and also it can promote health and control stress level.

In order to determine the response of Agropyron desertorom, Bromus tomentellus, Secale montanum to DROUGHT stress, an experiment was conducted in a factorial experimentbased on randomized complete block design with four replications in 1387 in shahr-e-rey branch of Islamic Azad University. DROUGHT levels were made by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) solutions in five DROUGHT levels (0, -2, -4, -8 and -12 Bar). Germination percentage, rate germination, height of radicle and hypocotyle, length of seedling, raiteof S/R, seed vigor, total dried weight of seedlings of control and stressed seedlings were analysed.The results showed that the effect of water stress was significant in 1% level on all traits. There were significant differences between species. In general, it could be concluded that Secale was the most resistant species to the water stress.

Introduction and Objective: One of the female problems, especially with aging and multiparity, is stress urinary incontinence. This can be treated with medical or surgical ways. Nowadays, minimal invasive techniques have some adherents. In this article we give the results of the I.V.S. technique.Materials & Methods: Since 2002 to 2004, 135 patients with S.U.I. referred to our clinic. 72 patients had S.U.I. and 21 had M.U.I. with S.U.I. prodominency. We did not do this procedure for patients with grade 2 or 3 cystocele. In brief, 14 patients 28-65 years old (average:42) were treated with I.V.S technique. 6 patients had the history of colporaphy because of S.U.I.. Before surgery we asked the patients for the history, ph.exm. and did routine exams, heart consult, renal and bladder sonography and P.V.R.. In lithotomy position and with local anesthesia we did cystoscopy and marshal test and if positive, under spinal anesthesia we did anterior vaginal incision from bladder neck to midurethra. Then we dissected mucous from under layer and perforated endopelvic fascia and release of the retropubic space and placed special tape in midurethra portion. Tension on the tape protected from leak at the time of the increased intra abdominal pressure or a little leak. After that we repaired vaginal mucosa and placed catheter and vaginal mesh. Patients had complete bed rest for 1 day, and we removed the catheter, and after that the patients voided.Results: There was no mortality in this procedure. In 1 patient the urethra was perforated, and we repaired it in 3 layers. Tape was placed replaced, and the catheter was in place for 10 days. There is no retention or dysparonia. In 1 patient we had U.T.I. that was treated with antibiotics. We did sonography and P.V.R. after 1 month that was less than upper limits of the normal in all r/patients.Conclusion: This technique is simple with short time anesthesia. We can use I.V.S. for 2 kinds of S.U.I. (hypermobility or I.S.D.) and this procedure is recommended for patients without cystocele or grade 1 cystocele because of low complications, good results, and effectiveness.

This experiment was conducted in order to study the effects of DROUGHT stress on the seed qualitative and germination characters of three lines of summer safflower in two part farm Study and laboratory s' study. In part of farm study during summer season by a split plots design, three lines of safflower (Isfahan-8, Isfahan-24 and Isfahan-44) at the four irrigation regimes to be grown to maturity. In continue seeds that to be produced in farm experiment part, transfer to laboratory and with standard germination and tetrazolium test their germination percentage, germination speed, seed viability and mean time of germination were calculated and seed qualitative to be determine. In final by yield seed of every treatment, Stress Intensity (SI) calculated.SI rates showed that irrigation treatments to be arrived different intensity DROUGHT stress to safflower canopy. DROUGHT STREES in safflower canopy was caused a little reduce in oil seed rate and kernel grain ratio, but didn't significant effect on the seed protein. Also effect of DROUGHT STREES on the seed viability and speed seed germination and mean time germination were not significant, but seed germination percentage significantly increased. Isfahan-44 with 18.31 percentage of protein and isfahan-24 with 29.68 oil percentage were the best line but about germination characters were not significant different between lines. In this study were not significant interaction effects between irrigation and lines.

Background: Women spend more than One - third of their life in postmenstrual period and more than 50% of them have urogenital problems in this period. The most common type of urinary incontinence in women is stress urinary incontinence and middle aged women are the most affected persons.Materials and methods: We treated 93 menopaused women during 3 months. There were three groups and each group contained 31 patients. First group took Estrogen, the second group used Imipramine and the third group used estrogen in combination with Impramine. This study was a clinical trial and its main aim was verification of Estrogen effects on the treatment of stress urinary incontinence compared with Imipramine in menopaused women. We obtained information by using a questionnaire. Results: The improvement percent of first group was 22.5% (7 patients) Improvement percent of second group was 54.8% (17 patients) and in last group was 70.9% (22 patients).Conclusion: Imipramine is more effective than Estrogen in treatment of stress urinary incontinence and combination therapy with these two drugs is not more effective than Imipramine alone.

The acute and chronic stress have serious effects on physical and mental states. It increases blood pressure in chronic states and causes high blood pressure. High blood pressure has negative effects on organs and their functions; for example, it decreases the ability of brain, shuch as memory. The study has been done at two stages. First, a form which contains several variables was prepared, the form. was made of some columns where blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was recorded. The students who were interested in attending this research, were taught how to measure blood pressure. Second, the study was carried out on 227 female and male single or married students. The blood pressure were measured before the first and the last examination. Students were asked not to drink and eat stimulating foods half an hour before measuring blood pressure and not to do any physical activities, the blood pressure was measured from the left arm while they were sitting, and the results were recorded. We found out the changes of blood pressure is related to the condition of examination and it"s increase is significant, but systolic and diastolic blood pressure werenot significant with sex, height, BMI, age and weight.

This research was undertaken to investigate the effect of seed priming and potassium on corn responses under salinity stress. A randomized completely block design experiment in two stages (Germination test and Greenhouse) with four levels of seed priming (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 % K2SO4) and three K fertilizer levels (0, 100, 200 mg.kg-1 K2SO4) at four levels of salinity (0, 3, 6, 9 dS.m-1 prepared by NaCl salt) with three replications, was conducted. Statistical analysis of the results showed that salinity significantly (P<0.05) decreased germination rate and seedling dry matter (P<0.001\). Seed priming had significant effect on germination percentage. The maximum and minimum of germination percentage were observed at the 1.5 % and 4.5 % levels of priming respectively. Statistical analysis of greenhouse data indicated that salinity had significant (p<0.05) effect on plant growth (p<0.001). Shoot and root dry matters decreased by salinity. Maximum of root dry matter was observed at the 100 mg.kg-1Ievel of K and 1.5% seed priming. Salinity did not have significant effect on the leaf potassium, but the highest of potassium concentration in the shoots was observed at the 6 dS.m-1 treatment. Salinity decreased sodium concentration of leaf and increased sodium of shoot. The ratio of K+/Na+ in shoot and leaf decreased with increasing salinity levels. Salinity had significant (P<0.001) effect on increasing concentrations of P, Zn, Mn, and decreasing of Ca, Mg, Cu and Fe concentrations. Dry weight of shoots decreased substantially, due to salinity. The rate of leaf and shoot potassium increased with added K fertilizer levels. K concentration and seed priming led to increases of phosphorus in plant. Obtained results in this research require complementary research on the effects of seed priming and subsequent fertilizing in field. Further works on this subject can lead to better understanding of the physiological mechanisms of salinity stress.

In today's era, it is necessary to analyze functionally graded materials. Since the finite element method in the analysis of these materials has limitations and the error is an inseparable part of any numerical analysis, therefore, finding a solution to estimate the error in calculations is important. In the finite element method, modifying or enriching the network to reduce the error is associated with such things as the overlapping of elements during displacement, the formation of elements with zero areas, and the increase of cost in calculations. In this research, the isogeometric method has been used for the first time in the analysis of problems with functionally graded materials in the adaptive solution using the method of moving control points as adaptive correction based on error estimation, with the approach of improving the stress field. By comparing the exact and approximate error norm in the solved examples, the effectivity index is more than 75%, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed error estimator. In addition, improving the network of control points is effective in reducing the error rate by more than 60% and can be used to increase the accuracy of the results.